Monthly Archives: September 2025

In today’s fast-changing agricultural landscape, livestock farming is no longer just a tradition passed down by our grandparents. It has grown into a thriving business opportunity for both rural and urban farmers across Zambia and Africa at large. Whether you have deep pockets or are just starting out with limited resources, there is a way for every farmer to enter and grow in the livestock industry.

The truth is simple: You don’t need to own thousands of hectares or have millions in the bank to start a profitable livestock enterprise of either birds, goats, pigs, cattle, fish, bees, or rabbits. What you need is knowledge, a plan, passion, and discipline. Let’s unpack how you can successfully rear livestock as a business, no matter your income level.

One of the biggest misconceptions among new farmers especially is that you need to start with many animals to make a profit. That’s not true, as the only thing you really need is land, water and shelter. Starting small allows you to manage risks, learn the ropes, and grow sustainably. For example, a villager with just two local hens can start a poultry business that grows into hundreds of chickens over time, using proper management and reinvestment of profits.

If you’re interested in goats or pigs, you can begin with just one male and two females. With good care, your stock multiplies quickly, and within a few years, you can build a sizable herd, but remember its either you are feeding from pasture around your farm or buying or rather making your own feed, however, you are doing it, it requires different resources, get to know all these demands before you start.

Don’t follow trends blindly, just because you think or have heard that goats have good market does not mean it is true or that you should too do it, find out more before making impulsive decisions. Choose animals that suit your local environment, feeding capacity, market demand, and the time you can dedicate to them. Here’s a breakdown to guide you:

• Village Chickens: Affordable, hardy, and in demand across rural and urban markets. Perfect for beginners.
• Broilers and Layers: Require more management but give faster returns. Ideal for small-scale farmers with a small budget but regular market access.
• Goats: Need minimal feeding and shelter. Great for dry areas and easy to manage.
• Pigs: High feed-to-meat conversion. Ideal for peri-urban areas where food scraps are available.
• Cattle: Requires bigger space and more capital. Best for farmers planning long-term investment or those with grazing land.
• Rabbits: Quiet, clean, and reproduce quickly. Suitable even for backyard farming in towns.

Choose what fits your current capacity and build from there.

Don’t be in a hurry to make money before you understand the animal you're keeping, a very big assumption and mistakes many beginners have made. Many people lose their investment because they jump in without proper knowledge. Visit successful farmers, attend agricultural fairs, and use free online resources and government extension services to learn.

Understand your animals’:

• Feeding habits
• Common diseases and prevention
• Breeding cycles
• Housing requirements
• Market expectations

‘Knowledge is the cheapest and most profitable investment you can make in livestock farming’

• Village Chickens: Affordable, hardy, and in demand across rural and urban markets. Perfect for beginners.
• Broilers and Layers: Require more management but give faster returns. Ideal for small-scale farmers with a small budget but regular market access.
• Goats: Need minimal feeding and shelter. Great for dry areas and easy to manage.
• Pigs: High feed-to-meat conversion. Ideal for peri-urban areas where food scraps are available.
• Cattle: Requires bigger space and more capital. Best for farmers planning long-term investment or those with grazing land.
• Rabbits: Quiet, clean, and reproduce quickly. Suitable even for backyard farming in towns.

Choose what fits your current capacity and build from there.

Your livestock don’t need a mansion to thrive in, but they do need a clean, safe, and dry environment. Use locally available materials like timber, bamboo, thatch, old iron sheets, or mud bricks to build suitable shelters.

For feeding, you don’t always need commercial feed. Village chickens can forage, goats can browse bushes, and pigs can feed on kitchen waste mixed with maize bran. Supplement with minerals and fresh water, and you’ll be amazed how well your animals can grow, for small animals like birds, rabbits, pigs and goats.

Start where you are, use what you have, and do what you can improvement will follow as the business grows.

Don’t just keep animals for the sake of it keep them to breed, grow, and sell. Choose strong, disease-resistant breeds that are known for fast growth or high reproduction rates. For example:

• Indigenous chickens may lay fewer eggs, but their chicks survive better in harsh conditions.
• Boer goats grow faster and fetch higher prices.
• Landrace and Large White pigs have larger litters and better feed conversion.

Buy your breeding stock from trusted sources to avoid disappointment. It’s better to start with one good-quality animal than five sickly ones.

For feeding, you don’t always need commercial feed. Village chickens can forage, goats can browse bushes, and pigs can feed on kitchen waste mixed with maize bran. Supplement with minerals and fresh water, and you’ll be amazed how well your animals can grow, for small animals like birds, rabbits, pigs and goats.

Start where you are, use what you have, and do what you can improvement will follow as the business grows.

If you want livestock farming to put money in your pocket, treat it like a business, not a hobby. That means:

• Keep records: Note down expenses, sales, births, deaths, and treatments.
• Separate business money from personal money.
• Set goals: Know how many animals you want to have in 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years.
• Reinvest profits: Don’t be quick to spend your first sales. Grow your stock or improve your housing and feeding systems.

Business-minded farmers are more likely to succeed even with fewer animals.

You may have healthy animals, but without a market, you won’t make money. Study your local and regional markets. Find out:

• Who buys livestock or meat in your area?
• When are the peak seasons for sales (e.g. festive periods, ceremonies)?
• What do buyers look for (size, breed, health)?

Diversify your market too—don’t rely on one buyer. Sell to neighbours, butcheries, restaurants, local markets or even online such Facebook, Instagram and other platforms.

Working together with other livestock farmers can help you access bulk feed, veterinary services, or even transport for your animals at a lower cost. It also gives you bargaining power when selling.

If you’re struggling to access capital, you can even pool resources as a group to buy breeding stock or build communal infrastructure.

Value addition is where the real money is. Don’t just sell live animals. Think about:

• Selling eggs, milk, or manure
• Slaughtering and packaging meat
• Making sausages, smoked meat, or dried products

These earn you more and help you stand out in the market.

Livestock farming is not a get-rich-quick scheme. Animals take time to grow, reproduce, and give you returns. But with consistency and good management, they become a reliable source of income for many years.

Success stories don’t start with luck—they start with one or two animals, good decisions, and patience.